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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@

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<title>include</title>

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<?phpdoc print-version-for="include"?>

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<simpara>

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The <literal>include</literal> statement includes and evaluates

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The <literal>include</literal> expression includes and evaluates

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the specified file.

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</simpara>

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<simpara>

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@@ -17,11 +17,17 @@

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isn't found in the <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>,

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<literal>include</literal> will finally check in the calling script's own

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directory and the current working directory before failing. The

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<literal>include</literal> construct will emit a

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<link linkend="errorfunc.constants.errorlevels.e-warning">warning</link> if

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<literal>include</literal> construct will emit an

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<constant>E_WARNING</constant> if

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it cannot find a file; this is different behavior from

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<function>require</function>, which will emit a

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<link linkend="errorfunc.constants.errorlevels.e-error">fatal error</link>.

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<function>require</function>, which will emit an

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<constant>E_ERROR</constant>.

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</simpara>

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<simpara>

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Note that both <literal>include</literal> and <literal>require</literal>

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raise additional <constant>E_WARNING</constant>s, if the file cannot be

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accessed, before raising the final <constant>E_WARNING</constant> or

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<constant>E_ERROR</constant>, respectively.

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</simpara>

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<simpara>

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If a path is defined — whether absolute (starting with a drive letter

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@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@ echo "A $color $fruit"; // A green apple

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though it had been defined inside that function. So, it will follow

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the variable scope of that function.

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An exception to this rule are <link

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linkend="language.constants.predefined">magic constants</link> which are

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linkend="language.constants.magic">magic constants</link> which are

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evaluated by the parser before the include occurs.

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</simpara>

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<para>

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@@ -151,12 +157,6 @@ include 'file.php?foo=1&bar=2';

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// Works.

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include 'http://www.example.com/file.php?foo=1&bar=2';

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-

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$foo = 1;

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$bar = 2;

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include 'file.txt'; // Works.

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include 'file.php'; // Works.

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?>

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]]>

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</programlisting>

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@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ include 'file.php'; // Works.

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<programlisting role="php">

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<![CDATA[

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<?php

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// won't work, evaluated as include(('vars.php') == TRUE), i.e. include('')

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// won't work, evaluated as include(('vars.php') == TRUE), i.e. include('1')

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if (include('vars.php') == TRUE) {

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echo 'OK';

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}

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@@ -264,9 +264,8 @@ echo $bar; // prints 1

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<para>

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If there are functions defined in the included file, they can be used in the

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main file independent if they are before <function>return</function> or after.

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If the file is included twice, PHP 5 issues fatal error because functions

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were already declared, while PHP 4 doesn't complain about functions

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defined after <function>return</function>.

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If the file is included twice, PHP will raise a fatal error because the

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functions were already declared.

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It is recommended to use <function>include_once</function> instead of

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checking if the file was already included and conditionally return inside

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the included file.

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