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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

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<!-- $Revision$ -->

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<chapter xml:id="filter.filters" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">

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<title>Types of filters</title>

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<!--Validate filters: {{{-->

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<section xml:id="filter.filters.validate">

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<title>Validate filters</title>

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<para>

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<table>

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<title>Listing of filters for validation</title>

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<tgroup cols="5">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>ID</entry>

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<entry>Name</entry>

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<entry>Options</entry>

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<entry>Flags</entry>

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<entry>Description</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN</constant></entry>

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<entry>"boolean"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<para>

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Returns &true; for "1", "true", "on" and "yes".

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Returns &false; otherwise.

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</para>

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<para>

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If <constant>FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE</constant> is set, &false; is

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returned only for "0", "false", "off", "no", and "", and

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&null; is returned for all non-boolean values.

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</para>

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL</constant></entry>

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<entry>"validate_email"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>

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<para>

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Validates whether the value is a valid e-mail address.

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</para>

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<para>

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In general, this validates e-mail addresses against the syntax in

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RFC 822, with the exceptions that comments and whitespace folding

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are not supported.

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</para>

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT</constant></entry>

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<entry>"float"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>,

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<parameter>decimal</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_THOUSAND</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>Validates value as float, and converts to float on success.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT</constant></entry>

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<entry>"int"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>,

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<parameter>min_range</parameter>,

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<parameter>max_range</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_OCTAL</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_HEX</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>Validates value as integer, optionally from the specified range, and converts to int on success.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_IP</constant></entry>

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<entry>"validate_ip"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_IPV4</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_IPV6</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Validates value as IP address, optionally only IPv4 or IPv6 or not

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from private or reserved ranges.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC</constant></entry>

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<entry>"validate_mac_address"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>Validates value as MAC address.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXP</constant></entry>

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<entry>"validate_regexp"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>,

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<parameter>regexp</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>

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Validates value against <parameter>regexp</parameter>, a

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<link linkend="book.pcre">Perl-compatible</link> regular expression.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_URL</constant></entry>

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<entry>"validate_url"</entry>

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<entry>

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<parameter>default</parameter>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_PATH_REQUIRED</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_QUERY_REQUIRED</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>Validates value as URL (according to <link xlink:href="&url.rfc;2396">&url.rfc;2396</link>), optionally with required components. Beware a valid URL may not specify the HTTP protocol <literal>http://</literal> so further validation may be required to determine the URL uses an expected protocol, e.g. <literal>ssh://</literal> or <literal>mailto:</literal>. Note that the function will only find ASCII URLs to be valid; internationalized domain names (containing non-ASCII characters) will fail.</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</table>

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</para>

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<note>

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<para>

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As of PHP 5.4.11, the numbers +0 and -0 validate as both integers as well

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as floats (using <constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT</constant> and

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<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT</constant>). Before PHP 5.4.11 they only

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validated as floats (using <constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT</constant>).

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</para>

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<para>

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When <parameter>default</parameter> is set to option, <parameter>default</parameter>'s value is used if value is not validated.

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</para>

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</note>

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<simplesect role="changelog">

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&reftitle.changelog;

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<para>

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<informaltable>

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<tgroup cols="2">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>&Version;</entry>

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<entry>&Description;</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry>5.5.0</entry>

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<entry>

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Added <constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC</constant>

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</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</informaltable>

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</para>

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</simplesect>

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</section>

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<!--}}}-->

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<!-- Sanitize filters: {{{-->

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<section xml:id="filter.filters.sanitize">

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<title>Sanitize filters</title>

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<para>

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<table>

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<title>List of filters for sanitization</title>

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<tgroup cols="5">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>ID</entry>

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<entry>Name</entry>

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<entry>Flags</entry>

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<entry>Description</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL</constant></entry>

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<entry>"email"</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>

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Remove all characters except letters, digits and

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<literal>!#$%&amp;'*+-=?^_`{|}~@.[]</literal>.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED</constant></entry>

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<entry>"encoded"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>URL-encode string, optionally strip or encode special characters.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_MAGIC_QUOTES</constant></entry>

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<entry>"magic_quotes"</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>Apply <function>addslashes</function>.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT</constant></entry>

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<entry>"number_float"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_FRACTION</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_THOUSAND</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_SCIENTIFIC</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Remove all characters except digits, <literal>+-</literal> and

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optionally <literal>.,eE</literal>.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT</constant></entry>

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<entry>"number_int"</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>

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Remove all characters except digits, plus and minus sign.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS</constant></entry>

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<entry>"special_chars"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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HTML-escape <literal>'"&lt;&gt;&amp;</literal> and characters with

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ASCII value less than 32, optionally strip or encode other special

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characters.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_FULL_SPECIAL_CHARS</constant></entry>

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<entry>"full_special_chars"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_ENCODE_QUOTES</constant>,

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Equivalent to calling <function>htmlspecialchars</function> with <constant>ENT_QUOTES</constant> set. Encoding quotes can

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be disabled by setting <constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_ENCODE_QUOTES</constant>. Like <function>htmlspecialchars</function>, this

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filter is aware of the <link linkend="ini.default-charset">default_charset</link> and if a sequence of bytes is detected that

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makes up an invalid character in the current character set then the entire string is rejected resulting in a 0-length string.

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When using this filter as a default filter, see the warning below about setting the default flags to 0.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant></entry>

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<entry>"string"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_ENCODE_QUOTES</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_AMP</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>Strip tags, optionally strip or encode special characters.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRIPPED</constant></entry>

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<entry>"stripped"</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>Alias of "string" filter.</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_URL</constant></entry>

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<entry>"url"</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>

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Remove all characters except letters, digits and

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<literal>$-_.+!*'(),{}|\\^~[]`&lt;&gt;#%";/?:@&amp;=</literal>.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_UNSAFE_RAW</constant></entry>

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<entry>"unsafe_raw"</entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_LOW</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_AMP</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Do nothing, optionally strip or encode special characters. This

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filter is also aliased to <constant>FILTER_DEFAULT</constant>.

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</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</table>

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</para>

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<warning>

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<para>

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When using one of these filters as a default filter either through your ini file

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or through your web server's configuration, the default flags is set to

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<constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_ENCODE_QUOTES</constant>. You need to explicitly set

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filter.default_flags to 0 to have quotes encoded by default. Like this:

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<example>

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<title>Configuring the default filter to act like htmlspecialchars</title>

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<programlisting role="php">

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<![CDATA[

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filter.default = full_special_chars

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filter.default_flags = 0

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]]>

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</programlisting>

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</example>

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</para>

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</warning>

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<simplesect role="changelog">

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&reftitle.changelog;

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<para>

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<informaltable>

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<tgroup cols="2">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>&Version;</entry>

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<entry>&Description;</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry>5.2.11/5.3.1</entry>

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<entry>

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Slashes (<literal>/</literal>) are removed by

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL</constant>. Prior they were retained.

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</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</informaltable>

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</para>

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</simplesect>

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</section>

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<!--}}}-->

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<!-- Other filters: {{{-->

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<section xml:id="filter.filters.misc">

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<title>Other filters</title>

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<para>

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<table>

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<title>List of miscellaneous filters</title>

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<tgroup cols="5">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>ID</entry>

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<entry>Name</entry>

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<entry>Options</entry>

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<entry>Flags</entry>

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<entry>Description</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_CALLBACK</constant></entry>

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<entry>"callback"</entry>

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<entry><type>callable</type> function or method</entry>

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<entry></entry>

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<entry>Call user-defined function to filter data.</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody>

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</tgroup>

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</table>

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</para>

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</section>

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<!--}}}-->

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<!-- Filter flags: {{{-->

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<section xml:id="filter.filters.flags">

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<title>Filter flags</title>

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<para>

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<table>

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<title>List of filter flags</title>

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<tgroup cols="3">

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<thead>

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<row>

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<entry>ID</entry>

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<entry>Used with</entry>

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<entry>Description</entry>

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</row>

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</thead>

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<tbody>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_LOW</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_UNSAFE_RAW</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Strips characters that have a numerical value &lt;32.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_STRIP_HIGH</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_UNSAFE_RAW</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Strips characters that have a numerical value &gt;127.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_FRACTION</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Allows a period (<literal>.</literal>) as a fractional separator in

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numbers.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_THOUSAND</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_FLOAT</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Allows a comma (<literal>,</literal>) as a thousands separator in

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numbers.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_SCIENTIFIC</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_FLOAT</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Allows an <literal>e</literal> or <literal>E</literal> for scientific

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notation in numbers.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_ENCODE_QUOTES</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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If this flag is present, single (<literal>'</literal>) and double

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(<literal>"</literal>) quotes will not be encoded.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_LOW</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_RAW</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Encodes all characters with a numerical value &lt;32.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_HIGH</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_ENCODED</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_SPECIAL_CHARS</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_RAW</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Encodes all characters with a numerical value &gt;127.

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</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ENCODE_AMP</constant></entry>

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<entry>

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant>,

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<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_RAW</constant>

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</entry>

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<entry>

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Encodes ampersands (<literal>&amp;</literal>).

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</entry>

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</row>

511

-

<row>

512

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE</constant></entry>

513

-

<entry>

514

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN</constant>

515

-

</entry>

516

-

<entry>

517

-

Returns &null; for unrecognized boolean values.

518

-

</entry>

519

-

</row>

520

-

<row>

521

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_OCTAL</constant></entry>

522

-

<entry>

523

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT</constant>

524

-

</entry>

525

-

<entry>

526

-

Regards inputs starting with a zero (<literal>0</literal>) as octal

527

-

numbers. This only allows the succeeding digits to be

528

-

<literal>0-7</literal>.

529

-

</entry>

530

-

</row>

531

-

<row>

532

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_HEX</constant></entry>

533

-

<entry>

534

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT</constant>

535

-

</entry>

536

-

<entry>

537

-

Regards inputs starting with <literal>0x</literal> or

538

-

<literal>0X</literal> as hexadecimal numbers. This only allows

539

-

succeeding characters to be <literal>a-fA-F0-9</literal>.

540

-

</entry>

541

-

</row>

542

-

<row>

543

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_IPV4</constant></entry>

544

-

<entry>

545

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_IP</constant>

546

-

</entry>

547

-

<entry>

548

-

Allows the IP address to be in IPv4 format.

549

-

</entry>

550

-

</row>

551

-

<row>

552

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_IPV6</constant></entry>

553

-

<entry>

554

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_IP</constant>

555

-

</entry>

556

-

<entry>

557

-

Allows the IP address to be in IPv6 format.

558

-

</entry>

559

-

</row>

560

-

<row>

561

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE</constant></entry>

562

-

<entry>

563

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_IP</constant>

564

-

</entry>

565

-

<entry>

566

-

<para>

567

-

Fails validation for the following private IPv4 ranges:

568

-

<literal>10.0.0.0/8</literal>, <literal>172.16.0.0/12</literal> and

569

-

<literal>192.168.0.0/16</literal>.

570

-

</para>

571

-

<para>

572

-

Fails validation for the IPv6 addresses starting with

573

-

<literal>FD</literal> or <literal>FC</literal>.

574

-

</para>

575

-

</entry>

576

-

</row>

577

-

<row>

578

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE</constant></entry>

579

-

<entry>

580

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_IP</constant>

581

-

</entry>

582

-

<entry>

583

-

Fails validation for the following reserved IPv4 ranges:

584

-

<literal>0.0.0.0/8</literal>, <literal>169.254.0.0/16</literal>,

585

-

<literal>192.0.2.0/24</literal> and <literal>224.0.0.0/4</literal>.

586

-

This flag does not apply to IPv6 addresses.

587

-

</entry>

588

-

</row>

589

-

<row>

590

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_PATH_REQUIRED</constant></entry>

591

-

<entry>

592

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_URL</constant>

593

-

</entry>

594

-

<entry>

595

-

Requires the <acronym>URL</acronym> to contain a path part.

596

-

</entry>

597

-

</row>

598

-

<row>

599

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FLAG_QUERY_REQUIRED</constant></entry>

600

-

<entry>

601

-

<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_URL</constant>

602

-

</entry>

603

-

<entry>

604

-

Requires the <acronym>URL</acronym> to contain a query string.

605

-

</entry>

606

-

</row>

607

-

<row>

608

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_REQUIRE_SCALAR</constant></entry>

609

-

<entry>

610

-

</entry>

611

-

<entry>

612

-

Requires the value to be scalar.

613

-

</entry>

614

-

</row>

615

-

<row>

616

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_REQUIRE_ARRAY</constant></entry>

617

-

<entry>

618

-

</entry>

619

-

<entry>

620

-

Requires the value to be an array.

621

-

</entry>

622

-

</row>

623

-

<row>

624

-

<entry><constant>FILTER_FORCE_ARRAY</constant></entry>

625

-

<entry>

626

-

</entry>

627

-

<entry>

628

-

If the value is a scalar, it is treated as array with the scalar value

629

-

as only element.

630

-

</entry>

631

-

</row>

632

-

</tbody>

633

-

</tgroup>

634

-

</table>

635

-

</para>

636

-

</section>

637

-

<!--}}}-->

638

-

</chapter>

639

-

640

-

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