reference/mysqli/overview.xml
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</para>
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<para>
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APIs can be procedural or object-oriented. With a procedural API you
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APIs can be procedural or object-oriented. With a procedural API, you
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call functions to carry out tasks, with the object-oriented API you
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instantiate classes and then call methods on the resulting objects.
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Of the two the latter is usually the preferred interface, as it is
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more modern and leads to better organized code.
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Of the two, the latter is usually the preferred interface, as it is
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more modern and leads to better-organized code.
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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If your PHP application needs to communicate with a database server
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you will need to write PHP code to perform such activities as
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connecting to the database server, querying the database and other
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connecting to the database server, querying the database, and other
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database-related functions. Software is required to provide the API
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that your PHP application will use, and also handle the
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communication between your application and the database server,
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In the PHP documentation you will come across another term -
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<emphasis>extension</emphasis>. The PHP code consists of a core,
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with optional extensions to the core functionality. PHP's
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MySQL-related extensions, such as the <literal>mysqli</literal>
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extension, and the <literal>mysql</literal> extension, are
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MySQL-related extensions, such as the mysqli
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extension, and the PDO MySQL driver extension, are
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implemented using the PHP extension framework.
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</para>
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</para>
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<para>
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There are three main API options when considering connecting to a
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There are two main API options when considering connecting to a
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MySQL database server:
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</para>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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PHP's MySQL Extension
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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PHP's mysqli Extension
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis role="bold">What is PHP's MySQL Extension?</emphasis>
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</para>
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<para>
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This is the original extension designed to allow you to develop PHP
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applications that interact with a MySQL database. The
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<literal>mysql</literal> extension provides a procedural interface
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and is intended for use only with MySQL versions older than 4.1.3.
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This extension can be used with versions of MySQL 4.1.3 or newer,
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but not all of the latest MySQL server features will be available.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is
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<emphasis>strongly</emphasis> recommended that you use the
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<literal>mysqli</literal> extension instead.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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The <literal>mysql</literal> extension source code is located in the
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PHP extension directory <filename>ext/mysql</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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For further information on the <literal>mysql</literal> extension,
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see <xref linkend="book.mysql"/>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis role="bold">What is PHP's mysqli Extension?</emphasis>
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</para>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Embedded server support
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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If you are using MySQL versions 4.1.3 or later it is
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<emphasis>strongly</emphasis> recommended that you use this
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extension.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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As well as the object-oriented interface the extension also provides
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a procedural interface.
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<para>
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The PDO MYSQL driver is not an API as such, at least from the PHP
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programmer's perspective. In fact the PDO MYSQL driver sits in the
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programmer's perspective. In fact, the PDO MYSQL driver sits in the
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layer below PDO itself and provides MySQL-specific functionality.
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The programmer still calls the PDO API, but PDO uses the PDO MYSQL
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driver to carry out communication with the MySQL server.
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</para>
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<para>
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In order to communicate with the MySQL database server the
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<literal>mysql</literal> extension, <literal>mysqli</literal> and
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In order to communicate with the MySQL database server, <literal>mysqli</literal> and
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the PDO MYSQL driver each use a low-level library that implements
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the required protocol. In the past, the only available library was
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the MySQL Client Library, otherwise known as
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However, the interface presented by <literal>libmysqlclient</literal> was
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not optimized for communication with PHP applications, as
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<literal>libmysqlclient</literal> was originally designed with C
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applications in mind. For this reason the MySQL Native Driver,
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applications in mind. For this reason, the MySQL Native Driver,
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<literal>mysqlnd</literal>, was developed as an alternative to
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<literal>libmysqlclient</literal> for PHP applications.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <literal>mysql</literal> extension, the
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<literal>mysqli</literal> extension and the PDO MySQL driver can
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Both, the <literal>mysqli</literal> extension and the PDO MySQL driver can
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each be individually configured to use either
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<literal>libmysqlclient</literal> or <literal>mysqlnd</literal>. As
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<literal>mysqlnd</literal> is designed specifically to be utilised
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advantage of these improvements.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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The MySQL Native Driver can only be used with MySQL server
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versions 4.1.3 and later.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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The MySQL Native Driver is implemented using the PHP extension
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framework. The source code is located in
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</para>
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<para>
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The following table compares the functionality of the three main
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The following table compares the functionality of the main
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methods of connecting to MySQL from PHP:
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</para>
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<table>
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<table xml:id="mysqli.overview.option.comparison">
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<title>Comparison of MySQL API options for PHP</title>
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<tgroup cols="4">
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<colspec colwidth="25*"/>
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<colspec colwidth="25*"/>
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<colspec colwidth="25*"/>
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<colspec colwidth="25*"/>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<colspec colwidth="34*"/>
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<colspec colwidth="33*"/>
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<colspec colwidth="33*"/>
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry></entry>
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<entry>PHP's mysqli Extension</entry>
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<entry>PDO (Using PDO MySQL Driver and MySQL Native Driver)</entry>
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<entry>PHP's MySQL Extension</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<entry>PHP version introduced</entry>
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<entry>5.0</entry>
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<entry>5.0</entry>
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<entry>Prior to 3.0</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Included with PHP 5.x</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>MySQL development status</entry>
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<entry>Active development</entry>
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<entry>Active development as of PHP 5.3</entry>
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<entry>Maintenance only</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Recommended by MySQL for new projects</entry>
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<entry>Yes - preferred option</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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<entry>Active development</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>API supports Charsets</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>API supports server-side Prepared Statements</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>API supports client-side Prepared Statements</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>API supports Stored Procedures</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>API supports Multiple Statements</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>Most</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>Supports all MySQL 4.1+ functionality</entry>
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<entry>Yes</entry>
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<entry>Most</entry>
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<entry>No</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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